A batch operating system is one that does not directly interact or communicate with the computer. It comes in handy when computer processes take a long time to complete. It speeds up the process by grouping jobs of similar nature and running them together. In this kind of operating system, jobs with similar requirements are grouped together by an operator, who is also in charge of sorting them. BankSystem, Payroll System, and so on 2. Multitasking or Time-Sharing Operating System
OS for Time Sharing This kind of operating system lets people use the computer in two different shells at the same time. Because processing time is shared by multiple users, it’s called “time sharing.” Quantum time is allotted to each task to complete its work. The operating system moves on to the next task after the allotted time has expired. Eg: UNIX, Multics
3. System for Distributed Operations OS distributed In distributed operating systems communication networks are used, because of which various interconnected computers are able to communicate with each other.
It essentially consists of system software running on a collection of physically separate but communicating computation nodes. By operating on a server, these systems help operating systems manage data security applications and other functions. The system uses multiple central processes to serve multiple users in real time. It tolerates errors and allows for the sharing of resources. Eg: LOCUS, etc.
There are two varieties of distributed operating systems: a. Client-Server Systems
A client and a server are the two parts of these kinds of systems. Usually, there are more than one client and one server. The communication starts when the client sends a request to the server and the server responds back to the request of the client.
b. Peer-to-Peer Systems
Users are able to share files on their computer as well as access resources shared by other computers with these kinds of systems. 4. Network Operating System
Network Operating System
Network Operating System runs on a server and makes the system capable of managing data and other networking functions. A network helps connect multiple independent computers. In a multiuser environment, NOS is a specialized operating system for a network device that manages multiple input requests concurrently and provides the necessary security. Network management and multiprotocol routing capabilities may also be provided by NOS, as well as email and directory services. For instance, Microsoft Windows Server 2003, Novell NetWare, and Mac OS X 5. Operating System Embedded These systems are specialized operating systems. They are designed to perform a particular task for a given device that is not a computer.
The main aim of an embedded operating system is to run the code by which the device can do its job. These operating systems are made to be the most dependable, resource-efficient, and compact possible. Mostly the hardware that is running the embedded operating system is very limited in case of the resources such as RAM and ROM. Hence systems made for embedded hardware tend to be very specific.
6. Real-Time Operating System
OS Real Time Real-time operating systems serve the real-time systems which means that the system is subjected to real time where the response should be guaranteed within a specific timing constraint and so in this type of operating system the time constant is very less.
It is also a time-bound system, which means that the system is most likely to fail if the processing is not completed within the allotted time or within the defined constraints. Examples include air traffic control systems, scientific experiments, and industrial control systems. The following types of real-time operating systems exist: a. Real-time hard system As the name itself suggests it doesn’t accept any delay even the shortest possible delay in the processing time. The time limit is extremely strict here. b. Real-time system that is soft The time limit is not particularly strict in this system. Let’s take a look at some of the benefits and drawbacks of various operating systems.